Printing machine



Dec. 4, 1945.

. FIG

W. A. AYRES PRINTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 31, 1942 12 Sheets-Sheet 1 iii SN/FTLOCk Sl/Iffdrzavs;

I i/VI' 416 Y SPICE 0O O0 O0 O0 GO 0 0 O0 O 000 0000 O 00 00000 O O0 000 0G 0 0 O 0000 00 0O 0 OGOO (a O O 0 OOO This is ordinary prinLing with characters of uniform width as in the usual typewritr, without, justi' fication of the right ends of the lines.

This is a sample of ordinary typing with book face type but without any atizmpt to justify the length of the lines ofprim. so that the right hand ends are s aced the equidistant from the edge of the sheet.

This is an example of justified typing with book face type as accomplished by the Electromatic typewriter when equipped with the justifying and printing control devices of the present invention.

% \NVE}TOR BY I h j m ATTORNEY Dec. 4, 1945.

w A. AYRES PRINTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 31.31942 12 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTQR W m4, ATTORNEY Dec. 4, 1945. w, AYREs 2,390,413

PRINTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 51, 194' 12 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR ATTORNEY Dec. 4, 1945.

W. A. AYRES PRINTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 51, 1942 12 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVEN OR ATTORNEY Filed Dec. 51, 1942 12 Sheets-Sheet 5 wwm INVENTOR ALI'TORNEY Dec. 4., 1945.

FIG] 270 w. A. AYRES 2,390,413

PRINTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 31, 1942 I2 Sheets-Sheet 6 AT'ToRNEY Dec. 4, 1945. w. A. AYRES PRINTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 31, 1942 12 Sheets-Sheet 7 F l G."

FIGJVZ.

INVENTOR ATTORNEY Dec. 4, 1945. w. A. AYRES 2,390,413

PRINTING MACHINE Filed Dec: 51, 1942 12 Sheets-Sheet 8 m OJ mvEwToR ATTO RN EY 1945. w. A. AYRES 2,390,413

PRINTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 31, 1942 12 Sheets-Sheet l0 FIGJZ mvew ksy I 45 an! a3 44 (AFR/46E KEY 576 52 INVENTOR ATTORNEY Dec. 4, 1945. w. A. AYRES 2,390,413

PRINTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 31, 1942 12 Sheets-Sheet 11 INVENTOR BY AfTORNEY PRINTING MACHINE Filed Dec; 31, 1942 12 Sheets-Sheet 12 FIGJB.

l/wwiw A TT ORNE Y Patented Dec. 4, 1945 rnm'rmG MACHINE Waldemar A. Ayres, Kew Gardens, N.

Y., .assignor to International Business Machines Corporation, York New York, N. Y., a corporation of New Application December 31, 1942, Serial No. 470,741

33 Claims.

This invention relatesgenerally to improvements' in printing machines adapting them for printing with bookface type in lines of justified length, and more specifically to devicesfor controlling the letter spacing functions of typewriting machines to provide for letter printing of variable widths and the Justification of lines of such printing through the automatic variation of the spaces between the words of a line.

, The main object of the invention is to provide controls in a typewriter to adapt it for work now done with settable type for book page printing and other ordinary printing work. In the usual typewriter, letter spacing is uniform to agree i vision of improved variable escapement mechanism controlled directl from the manipulative members of a typewriter or other form of printing machine with keyboard control. The manipulative. members carry spacing control blocks of variable widths equal or proportional to the spaces required by the types selected through operation of the manipulative members. There is provided a direct mechanical connection between the paper carriage escapement and the spacing blocks on the manipulative members.

Another object of the invention is the provision of improved means for punching and readinga control tape as coordinated with operation of a typewriter. At the same time that the control tape is punched, justification factors are set up to determine the spacing to be effective between words when the control tape is later used to control operation of the machine which has made it. In other words, the typewriter is operated manually to select a line of words while the operator observes an indication of the extending length of the line and stops short to hyphenate or terminate word selection before a predetermined margin line is reached. While this is being done, the machine does not operate to print but it punches a control tape which is later fed through the machine and sensed to control auto- 55 matic printing of the characters selected by the operator, and at the same time, the spacing between words is so proportioned by the justiflcation mechanism that the line ends at the predetermined point in alignment with the endings of all the other lines on the page as in book printing work. From the foregoing, it is obvious that during theinitial or manual operation of the typewriter two controls are eifected; through one control atape is punched to provide meansfor automatically printing a line, and through the other control the justification mechanism is set up to predetermine the spacing between words during tape controlled automatic typing of the words, so that thelength of the automatically printed line will be'justifled.

Another object is the provision of tape perforatingjandfieading devices designed to allow an amount of slack between the punching and reading stations, so that the tape is punched to represent a, line of print without any sensing or tape reading operations taking place; and then, after punching is completed, the slack portion of the'control tape, which is representative of the desired line of print, is passed through the reading station while the punching station isineflective. In this way, there are alternating operations of tape punching while setting up justiflcation factors, and subsequent tape reading and typing while spacing according to the justiflcation factors.

Another object of the invention is the provision of a tape control unit wherein a prepunc'hed tape is used for a justified printing operation, that is, completely automatic. In this modification, the punching station is dispensed with and instead the tape is fed past two reading stations. The first station is provided for control of typewriter key operation without printing, merely for the purpose of setting up justification factors through the operation of the manipulative controls by the tape, just as though an operator were selecting a. line of characters. After the extent of justification is determined for the line, the slack portion of the tape read by the first sensing station is then directed through the second sensing station to control the printing of a justified line.

' Another object of the invention is the provision of devices for representing the characters in code on the control strip. A set of six combs is placed under the manipulative members of the typewriter and they are shifted in combinations according to the character or control key operated. These combs are also operated'elecreading device.

trically according to the readings of the tape to select automatic operation of the typewriter when the tape is the operating control medium. The combs control the perforation of a 6-place code for the selection of the various characters and symbols, and also the selection of the special control keys, such as the shift lock, shift release, indent space, back space, carriage return and automatic print keys. The tape forms a storing means for setting up the character selections in a form adapted for effecting automatic control.

Another object of the invention is the provision of devices for insuring that none of the keys can be partially operated. I'hese devices automatically look all stationary keys and pull 7 down all keys which tend to be partially operated.

A further object of the invention is the provision of dual justiflcation controls associated with each character selecting bar. Since the capital letter of acharacter is in many instances of a dif ferent width than the corresponding lower case letter. provision must be made for proper letter spacing operations under the two different conditions to take oare oi' justification of capital letters selected by a shift as well as the spacing of the small letters.

A further object of the invention is the provision of iustification mechanism adjusted according to the number of words to be printed in a line and further adjusted according to the space remaining at the end of the uniustified line. The mechanism is adapted to add together automatically these factors of the desired number of spaces and the remainder space and then proportion the total space into the number of spaces of such extent that the line finally printed will be iustified.

Another object of the invention is the provision of controls permitting'the use of the justifying devices without the tape punching and I In other words, for the modifled form of control, the keys of the typewriter are operated manually for the printing operation as well as for the initial justification setting operation. The. tape may then be dispensed with because the operator repeats the setting of a line of characters the first series of operations being made without printing, in order to prepare a justification setting that will later space the type. The type basket is made interchangeable and readily removable for quick changes from one kind of type to another. In some instances, when the type are changed, the newly selected type require different spacing and justifying controls than the type in the removed basket. In

order to take care of such changed requirements in spacing, a justification spacing control bar is made removable. Therefore, each style of type can have a related basket of type and a special spacing control bar, both of which are readily placed in the machine by any operator.

Other objects of the invention will be pointed I out in the following description and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which disclose, by way of example, the principle of the invention and the best mode, which has been contemplated, of applying that principle.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a plan view showing the typewriter on a cabinet holding the tape pimchi'ng an reading mechanisms.

Fig. 2 is a detail view showing a sample of the tape as punched to control selection of various character printing keys and operating control through the keyboard, carriage and printingdevices of the typewriter along line 4-4 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a front sectional elevation view taken along line 5-5 in Fig. 1 and showing the justlfying control mechanism.

Fig. 5a is an elevation view taken along the line 50-54: in Fig. 5.

Fig.6 is a plan view partly of a section taken along line 5-6 in Fig. 5 and showing the justifying mechanism.

Fig. 6a is a sectional elevation view showing Justification clutching devices operated by solenoids.

Fig. '7 is a sectional elevation view taken along line 1-1 in Fig. 5 and showing the center of the justifying mechanism.

Fig. 8 is another sectional elevation view taken along the li e 88 in Fig. 5 and showing the right end of the justifying mechanism.

Fig. 9 is a detail view showing contact operating devices cooperating with a keyboard bail.

Fig. 10 is a detail view of the spacing stop cam and the shaft sectioned at line Iii-l0 in Fig. 5.

Fig. 10a is a bottom view of the stop cam "shown in Fig. 10.

Fig. 11 is a front elevation view showing the line length and margin space indicator. 7

Fig. 12 is a diagram or cam chart of the various contours on the justification control cam.

Fig. 13 is an exploded front elevation view showing the key lever guide and the six code control combs for responding to and governing the selection of the various character and control keys.

Fig. 1. is a sectional view along line l4|4 of Fig. 1 of the tape perforating and reading unit. Fig. 15 is a sectional elevation view along line l5-I5 of Fig. 1 of another control unit provided with two tape reading devices for governing com-.

plete automatic operation under control of a 7 prepared tap Fig. 16 is a sectional view through the tape feeding rollers taken along line l6l8 in Fig. 15.

Figs. 17 and 17a taken together form a wir-.'

ing diagram of the electrical controls in the machine.

Fig. 18 is a side view of a removable type basket.

Fig. 19 is a perspective view of a removable letter space control bar.

The devices of the invention are embodied in a printing machine here shown as'the well known typewriter named the Electromatic. Since this machine is well known in the art and the mechanisms therein have been described in numerous patents, only a brief general description will be given, but such as will enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. 7 a

The type bars 23 (Fig. 4) are pivotally mounted on the usual segment 2i by means of a curved fulcrum wire 25. Each of the type bars is ordinarily looked in the position of Fig. 4 by means of toggle links 26. One of these t gle links. the

one which is pivoted to the type bar 23, is connected by a rod 21 to a sub'tlever 28 pivoted on a fulcrum wire 29. The latter is supported on a frame 30 which is mounted in the framework comprlsingthe side frames 22 and the base of the machine. I

Pivotally mounted one pair of aligned rods 3| supported in the framework of the machine are cam units 32 connected by links like link 33, to the related sub-levers 28. Each cam unit has a cam 34 which, in the case of those intermediate levers 35 controlling the operation of the character type, have two lobes, as in Patents 1,777,055 and 2,200,767. Each lever 35 has an arm 35a integral therewith having a slotted con nection to a trip lever 36 in the associated cam unit.

When any lever 35 is depressed, it operates the related trip lever 36 through the arm 35a, allowing the cam 34 of the associated cam unit 32 to rotate a slight amount just sufficient to a full line, just short of the selected line length. The operator then presses an auto print key which causes tape controlled typing of the line with variable spacing, and at the same time automatic justification takes place so that an even vertical right hand margin results.

For complete automatic control of the machine, a tape is prepunched with code punchings for each line and inserted into unit N. When called into operation, a first set of tape selected key operations serves to set up a justification factor without printing, and the following set oftape controlled operations cause typing of a liiie of justified length v A third fully manual type of control of the machine is used when the tape is dispensed with m and each line is typed twice by hand; the first cause the cam unit to be operatively engaged by toggle link 25, the type bar 23 associated with the depressed key is rocked in acounterclockwise direction .to eifectan impression of the type on the work sheet 2|.

, The carriage comprises end plates 38 (Figs. 4 and 5) integrally joined by a channel-shaped member 39 which is formed with two grooves in which ride theusual anti-friction trucks 40 supporting the carriage on the grooved front and rear rails 4|, 42, respectively. The platen 43 is rotatably mounted on .the carriage inthe usual way. A novel escapement mechanism is provided comprising a rack 44 fastened to the bottom of channel 39, and a pinion 45 attached to a shaft 49 supported by a bearing bracket 41 and bearing plate 35i fastened to the right side frame 22, Fig. 5. The operation of shaft 46 for justified spacing control is described more fully hereinafter.

Fastened to the bottom of channel 39 is a block 48 to which is attached one end of a metal tape 49 that is drawn around the usual spring drum III which serves to drawthe carriage toward the left of the machine for letter spacing.

As shown in Fig. 1, the typewriter is mounted on a cabinet 5i containing two control units M and N for punching andreading a control tape 52, Fig. 2. The typebars 23 are equipped with book-face type, having as many widths as desired for a particular style and face, and the carriage is variably spaced in agreement therewith.

For the combined manual and automatic control of the machine the operator sets the width of page desired and then operates the keys for a line of words without printing them. A punch of .the selected words. As the keys are operated,

'an indicator moves relative to a scale and in acnections comprising the link 21 and the left hand time without printing and the second time with justified printing. Before manual operation, switches are set to disable the tape punching and feeding devices.

An object of the invention is to provide means whereby the operator can store all the characters needed in the given line of text and ai/the same time have the width of those characters measured automatically so that the space between words can later be adjusted so that line justification results. The storing device provides the means whereby a line can be automatically typed after the justification factors have been considered, so that the finished result resembles a page of text printed with settable type.

In the present instance, the means for storing data isinth'e form of the control tape 52, Fig. 2,

. perforated in each of the positions with a combination of one or more of as many as six per- .mechanism in unit M makes a perforated record forations. Through the use of code perforations, a compact record is formed to bear indications of the many character, sign and control key operations needed in the functioning of the improved typewriter.

The tape 52 is perforated under control of six combs A, B, C, D, E and F, Figs. 4 and 13, which are located under a set of operating key levers 53 and slidably mounted on studs 54 extending from a slotted guide plate 55 fastened between the side frames. All the levers 53 are pivoted on a wire 56 attached to a frame member 51, and urged upward by springs 58 so that the front parts of the levers are normally in the upper ends of slots 59, Fig. 13, in the plate 55. There is a guide slot 59 for each character or control key lever 53. Aligned with each slot 59 are six notches in the six combs, with certain of the notches formed with cam faces such as faces 60, ii, 52 and 63, while other notches such as 64 and 55 are straight sided and without cam faces.

While the key levers 53' are raised, they are out of cooperation with the cam faces of the notches in the combs, However, as soon as a key is depressed, one or more of the combs are shifted to the left, and contacts 5511-56 are closed to energize certain of six punch magnets which act to punch a combination of holes 61, Fig. 2, in the tape. As shown in Fig. 2, the hole positons bear a direct relationship to the presence of cam faces on the six combs. For example, the shift lock key lever 53 operates in the slot 59,-Fig. 13, at the extreme left end of plate 55 and there cooperates with the cam faces-60, 5|, 62 and 53 on combs A, B, D and F, respectively, to cause the code perforation of four holes 51, spaced as shown at the top of Fig. 2, in alignment with the designations A, B, D, F, denoting the relationship between the combs and the perforation positions.

In the same way, each of the other key levers, operates a combination of combs, and punches a combination of holes 81 to store datum representations on the tape 52.

At the left end of each comb, Fig. 13, a leaf spring 88 ushes against the comb to restore it so that the ends of slots 88 are held against the studs 54.

When an automatic printing operation is'selected, certain of the combs A-F are locked in the normal position to prevent movement towards the left and thereby prevent depression of unselected keys 58. Other selected combs are pulled toward the left in a combination to select one particular key while looking other keys by placing the upper edges of the comb teeth under the keys.

The locking means includes a series of six crank latches I pivoted on stud 5 and urged by springs 8 into locking relation with notches 8 cut into the six combs A-F. However, a bail bar In normally holds all latches 4 out of notches 8 to free the combs for manual operation. Bar H1 is part of a ball 8 pivoted on a, stud H and held clockwise by spring 8. Early in the selection of an automatic print cycle a magnet BM is energized and it acts to rock bail Sin a counterclockwise direction and allows latches l to be rocked in the same direction by springs 8 to lock all combs. Attached to each of the six latches is a call wire I forming part of a fast acting solenoid for ulling the latch out of the notch. Six solenoids LSI-ISS are arranged in a staggered formation to pull on the call wires I when energized. A combination of solenoids are energized in accordance with code perforations sensed in the record tape during automatic printing. Accordingly, one or more of the combs A-F are released so that they may be pulled to the left for key selection.

For the purpose of pulling a tape selected combination of combs toward the left there is associated with each comb A-F, Fig. 13, a slow acting solenoid CSl-CSB, the core |5 of which is attached to a hook slide IS with an extending end engaging a projection I! on the bottom of the related comb. Each solenoid CSl-CSG is connected in parallel with a related solenoid LSl-LSB to be energized therewith. The slide I6 is slotted to surround a stud l8 projecting from frame bar 55, Fig. 4. Stud |8 acts as a stop for the movement of the slide in both directions, for the slot is proportioned so that when the solenoid is energized, the slide and associated comb are pulled to the left far enough to place a wide notch opening such as notch 68 under a selected key and place locking shoulders under other keys. A combination of combs are so actuated to permit downward movement of only one key lever while all others are locked up. A spring l8 acts on slide I8 to permit restoration of the comb by spring 68 and movement towards the right whenever the I solenoid is deenergized. The released comb is then free to follow toward the right to the home position as urged by leaf spring 88.

Between key levers 53, Fig. 4, and intermediate levers 35 are placed selective connections which may be broken to cause a non-print operation when the keys are operated for the initial half or preparation part of a line printing cycle. A complete cycle of operation comprises repeated operation of the same series of keys; first, to set up justification controls without printing, and second, to operate with printing. It is for this purpose that an abutment member 10 is pivoted at H on the top of each lever 35. Member 18 is drawn by spring I8 to rest normally in the path of a lug 12 on the bottom of the related key lever 58. However, when manual printing control is not desired, a coupling magnet CM is energized to swing an armature It to which is articulated a common rod I5 passing through slots 18 in the abutment members. Energization of magnet CM, moves rod 15 to the left, rocking members In counterclockwise and moving them away from lugs 12 so that motion of a lever 58 is not communicated to a related lever to trip one of the cam units and cause typing operation.

Pivoted to the carriage return lever 85 is a special abutment member 15c which is shaped to be in position for normal operation directly under the lug 12 on the carriage return key lever 58. This special member is also formed with a slot through which a hook rod 15' (Fig. 17, be hind rod 15 in Fig. 4) projects for disabling control. Furthermore, the control by a magnet CM (Fig. 17a, behind magnet CM in F18. 4) and rod 15 over member 150 is the reverse of the control over members 18, because when members 18 are rocked to a position ineffective for printing, member 150 is allowed to stay in the effective position to enable carriage return control during the setting part of automatic operation, for reasons pointed out hereinafter.

A device is provided for closing contacts to initiate various control operations upon depression of any of the key levers 58 (Fig. 4). This device includes a bail pivoted on screws 88 secured to the side frames 22 and formed with a cross bar 8| (Fig. 11) underlying all of the key levers 53. Springs 18 pull upwardly on the sides of bar 8| to hold it normally against the underside of the levers. Attached to the right side frame 22 is a bracket 82 supporting a number of contacts 83, 88 and 85 with an insulation extension 88- pointing upward into contact with the lower side of cross bar 8|. Upon depression of any key, the bail contacts 88 are closed to operate a. means for locking the keys in a depressed position, and contacts 85 are also closed to initiate a paper feeding operation, while contacts 84 are opened to provide a control effective in connection with automatic printing.

Other contacts are operated under control of the same common bail 8|. bracket 8! fastened to the left side frame 22. These contacts 88 and 88 are fastened to insulation blocks on bracket 81 and cooperate with a pair of bell cranks 80 and 8| pivoted on the bracket. The bell cranks have adjustable screws 82 and 83 located under the bar 8| and spaced therefrom to delay the closure-of contacts 88 and 88 until near the end of the key depression. These contacts are used to operate clutching de- .vices to look a justification setting bar after it has been shifted a differential distance depending on the key operated.

Other contacts are operated under control of the bail 8| by mechanical switch devices shown in Fig. 9. A bellcrank s5 is pivoted at as on a 7 standard 81 extending from the side of the ma-- They are held on a levers by the combs.

is rocked counterclockwise to move the left endof spring IIII past the dead center at I and thereby cause thespring to draw the lever 99 in a counterclockwise direction and suddenly strik against the insulation block I03 fastened to the lower blade of a pair of contacts I 04. An insulation bar I cooperates with the center blade of other contacts I05 and I01 to close the former and open the latter as soon as the switch lever is operated. These contacts I04, I06 and I01 are part of the controls for effecting carriage escapement with justifled spacing.

A means is provided to pull down a partially depressed key lever and lock the other keys in the normal position to prevent any inaccuracies of operation due to improper manipulation of the keyboard. All the key levers 53 (Fig. 4) are formed with a pointed extension IIO facing forward from the lower edge. Cooperating with the extensions I I0 on all of the keys is a wedge shaped common locking bar I I I pointed towards the rear and formed as part of a bail I I4 pivoted on a shaft I I2 held by the typewriter side frames. Attached to bail H4 is an armature extension I I3 cooperating with a magnet LM. Whenever contacts 33 (Fig. 11) are closed, due to the depression of cross bar BI by any of the key levers 53, Fig. 4, magnet LM is energized and bail H4 is rocked in a counterclockwise direction to shove locking bar I II against the pointed extensions II 0. Should any key lever 53 be in a. partially depressed position when bar II I is operated, the bar will serve to cam the lever down the remainder of the distance. All the other key levers will be locked in the normal raised position due to the insertion of the bar I I I under the extension I III.

Provisions are made to operate the key levers 53 automatically independent of the operator.

The combs A to F are operated and shifted in combinations according to the perforations in the tape and, when so positioned, align a series of openings such as 60, Fig. 13, for oneof the key levers. In order to pull down any selected lever 53, Fig. 4, a series of springs II Ii are attached to the front part of all key levers, a spring IIIi being related to each lever. The lower ends of all springs IIG are attached to the cross bar II1 of a bail II 8 pivoted on a shaft II9 fastened in the side frames. The bail is provided with a crank armloosely pivoted on the plunger I of a solenoid OS. This operating solenoid OS is activated alternately with the setting of the combs so that after the desired key lever is selected, bail I I8 is rocked in a clockwise direction to stretch all of the springs I I 6. One of the levers 53 will be free to move downward as urged by a spring II5 while the other springs will be extended due to the blocking of the related key When the parts are in the normal position, springs I I6 are either completely collapsed or weakened to such an extent that they urge the levers upward to the normal position.

As shown in Fig. 1, the cabinet 5I of the machine is provided with space for holding the punch unit M shown in Fig. 14. This unit is provided to perforate the tape 52 (Fig. 2) under control of the contacts BGa-f (Fig. 13) discussed with reference to the combs'operated by the key levers. The punch unit is supported within a frame composed of a base I (Fig. 14) supporting a pan of side frames I26. At one end of the base is fastened a bracket I21 having a rotatable center r I28 upon which the supply roll of tape 52 is mounted. A leaf spring I29 presses against the fail to overcome the tension in springs 59 which a ratchet gear bottom of the roll to hold the tape taut as it is being unwound. The tape is drawn upward over a guide roller I30 and threaded between a pair of blocks I 3| and I32 fastened between side frames. Attached to the front end of block I3I is a punch guide and stripper plate I33 and directly beneath it is a die plate I34 attached to block I32. As the tape passes toward the right, it forms a loop I 35 which is allowed to accumulate during the punching and space setting operations associated with a complete line of print.

A set of six magnets PMI6 is provided, there being a punch control magnet for each of the code comb plates shown in Fig. 13. These mag-' nets are fastened to the top of block I3I and each has a plunger I36 pivotedon a lever I31 fulcrumed at I38 on a bearing extension I39 fixed across the magnets. The levers I31 are guided by slots in a frame I38 fastened to the side of a punch guide I39 which is formed with openings for guiding the upper ends of a set of punch plungers I40. The lower ends of the six plungers I40 are guided in the stripper plate I33 and compression springs I4I are coiled between plate I33 and a shoulder on the plunger to hold the plunger in a normally raised position. However, when one or more of the magnets PMI-6 are energized, the corresponding levers I31 are rocked in a clockwise direction and press down the related plungers I40 to perforate the tape 52.

As soon as any of the plungers are operated, the keys are released in readiness for another setting operation. In order to perform this releasing operation, a pair of normally closed contacts I 42 (Fig. 14) are placed in series with the 7 key locking magnet LM (Fig. 4) and designed to be opened near the end of each punching stroke. Cooperating with the lower side of the six levers I31, Fig. 14, is a common bar I43 of a bail I44 pivoted on shaft I 45 supported between the side frames I26. Attached to bail I44 is an overcenter spring I46 fastened to an arm I 41 pivoted at I48 on a bracket fastened to once! the side frames. When the bail I 44 is in the normal position, it stretches spring I46 below center I48, so that arm I 41 is held away from an insulation block I49 on the under side of the top blade of contacts I42. However, as soon as any of the punch levers I31 are operated, bail I44 is rocked in a counterclockwise direction and the left end of spring I46is thrown above pivot I481 so that am I41 is rocked suddenly in a counterclockwise direction to strike the underside of insulation block I49 and open contacts I42 to release the key levers. A guard plate I50 is fastened beneath the contact operating devices to prevent the bulging tape loop I35 from interfering therewith.

is the operation of feeding devices for advancing tape 52. A pair of feed rollers I 5| and I52 are mounted on shafts loosely pivoted in "the side frames I25. The lower roll I52 is provided with I53 with which cooperates a pawl I54 pivoted on the end of an arm I55 fulcrumed at I56. Also fastened to shaft I56 is an armature I51 situated above a tape feeding control magnet TFI and drawn upward by a spring I58. Whenever magnet TFI is energized, armature I51 is rocked downward in a counterclockwise direction and pawl I54 is lowered to engage another tooth on ratchet I53, so that when the magnet is deenergized, the pawl turns feed roller I52 in a clockwise direction to advance the tape 52 and ing devices as well as tape perforating devices.

After the perforating devices have operated to record a series of character representations on the tape and thereby formed a loop I88 of prepared tape, the operation of the punching devices is stopped while operation of the readingdevices is initiated to control printing of the desired charesters with justified spacing. The tape is drawn position with armature I88 held away from the magnet. As soon as the magnet is energized, the lever is rocked in a clockwise direction and pawl I I88 is carried upward to turn feed roller I62 in a counterclockwise direction and thereby draw tape 82 down past the sensing levers I 88. The six sensing levers I88 are pivoted on a rod I18 fastened between the side frames. Each lever I88 is in the form of a bell crank with an upper end having a roller I1I pressing against the tape 82 at a. point where a backing plate I12 is formed with openings, so that, should a perforation appear under the roller m, lever I88 is permitted to rock in a counterclockwise direction as urged by a spring I18. When the lever so moves, it closes a related contact I18 which is wired in series with one of the solenoids CS (Fig. 13) for operating combinations of the combs A-F to select one of the character or control levers. As reading continues, the loop I85 is drawn smaller and smaller until it is eliminated altogether when the perforations relating to a full line have been read. Then the punch devices can again come into play to act upon another length of tape so that it represents data designed to control the reading unit for printing another line of characters.

At the same time that punching is being performed, a justiflcation setting is established according to the widths of the various characters selected, the number of words in a line and the unused remainder of a predetermined line length. The setting for the various widths of the character types is taken directly from Operatin blocks to and W and secured to each character key lever 53 (Fig. 4). The block to is ofa width equal to, or proportional to, the width of the lower case letter character selected by the related key, while the other block W is used to determine a justification setting when a capital or upper case character is selected. Cooperatin with the blocks to and W are a horizontally fixed guiding comb I15 (Fig. 5) and a movable adjustment comb slide or justification bar I18. Both the guide and the slide are mounted on a bail comprising arms I11 and I18 rocking on a shaft I18 supported between side frames 22. The teeth of comb I15 are formed integral with the cross bar of the bail. Slide I18 is fashioned with a series ofprojecting prongs I88 extending upward in the path of the lower case blocks or and formed with sloping cam faces opposing the sloping faces formed on the lower ends of the blocks. As shown in Fig. 5, the prongs I88 are shaped to be moved toward the right when any one of the character key levers 58 is depressed.

The extensions on the guide comb I18 extend upward alongside the left edges of the Justification blocks 10 to support the key levers and prevent any sideward movement while slide I18 is being shoved toward the right by a block. The distance that the slide will be moved toward the right is dependent upon the width of the block w, which in turn is proportioned to correspond with the width of the type face selected by the key lever which bears the block. Guide I18 is cut out as at III to avoid cooperation with those key levers 88 dealing with special operations of the typewriter other than character or 81811 selection operations. Comb slide I18 moves on the ball as guided by a pair of pin and slot connections I82. The ends of guide comb I18 are formed with bottom flanges I88 to which the side arms I11 and I18 are secured to form the bail structure of which guide I18 is the cross bar.

Referring to Fig. 4, it is seen that the arm I11 is drawn against a stop I88 by means of a spring I which tends to hold the bail in the normal position wherein the lower case blocks 10 cooperate with the prongs I88.

Means is provided torock the bail I18, I 11, I18 in a clockwise direction so that prongs I88 are placed beneath the Justification blocks W relating to the upper case letters. The shifting operation is accomplished by energization of a shift magnet SM which is secured to the frame and located directly beneath an armature extension I88 forming part of the side arm I11 of the ball. The bail is held adjusted in the clockwise direction as long as a shift key is locked depressed or whenever the tape reading device detects a combination of perforations corresponding to the selection of a shift operation,

The movement of slide I18 (Fig. 5) toward the right is communicated to a number of other justification setting slides, the main one being slide I81 which is shaped like a reclining H with a vertical cross member and a pair or horizontal upper and lowerportions I88 and I88, respectively. A shoulder I88 formed on the right end of slide I18 cooperates with the vertical bar of setting member I81, so that all movement of the slide is imparted directly to the member so that it is moved toward the right a distance corresponding to the width of the type member selected. The upper portion I88 of member I81 is concerned with governing the spacing of the carriage for letter spacing and spaces between words. However, since the carriage is not operated during the initial justification setting portion of the control, it is believed well to explain carriage operation hereinafter along with the discussion of automatic printing.

The lower portion of member I81 exercises control over three diiferent portions of the justification setting means. A bar I88 is adjusted to point out the amount of line length that has been used by any number of character selection operations. Another bar I84 is operated by member I81 and used as a contact closer whenever the member is released for restoration after the operation of the space key. The third member I85 is operated by member I81 to provided a setting for registering the unused remainder of a line length, and the said third member also acts as a carrier for a space counter that is advanced according to the number of words in the line.

Slides I 88 and I84 are connected to an extention I 88 of member I81 by clutch devices designed to enable these slides to partake of all movement of member I81 toward theright but to avoid any tendency to follow the member back when it is cover plate.

restored toward the left. As shown in Figs.

and 6a. the extension I95 of member I81 is inserted into a clutch frame I9I, the lower portion of which is cut out to hold a pair of spring pressed ball bearings, while holes in the upper portion guide a pair of plungers I91, I91 secured to ends of toggles, the upper ends of'which are pivoted on studs I98 projecting from brackets I99. Both slides I93 and I94 have inner frictional faces cooperating with wedging clutch faces on extension I95, Fig. 6a. The two plungers I91 are adapted to press on slides I93, I94 to disengage them from extension I96. The centers of the toggles are articulated on plungers 299, 299' sliding in the cores of clutch solenoids CS1 and CS8. The energization of solenoid CS1 is timed so that while member I81 is moving toward the right, slide I93 remains clutched therewith and carried along to the right, after which the solenoid is energized and slide I93 is forced against the bottom-of frame I9I and fixed with relation to the stationary frame of the machine. After member I81 is fully restored to the left, solenoid CS1 is deenergizedand slide I93 again engages extension I95 to accompany its movement to the right. By many of such successive movements of slide I93 toward the right, there is accumulated an elapsed length of line which is equal to, or directly proportional to, the

with a predetermined length of line, it isdesired that the amount of unused space be indicated where the operator can watch it so as to determine when to hyphenate or terminate word semembered, is moved directly by the cam blocks w and W on the various key levers. Thus, the indicator 2| I will reveal the amount of movement of slide I93 as it is moved towards the right nearer the settable contact arm 29 I During character selecting operations, and at the same time that slide I 93 is moved toward the right, the other slide I94, Fig. 611, will also be moved in the same direction and to the same extent. Solenoid CS8 controls the connection and disconnection of slide I94 relative to extension I99. However, when a space operation is selected, slide I99 is advanced while slide. I94 is released and allowed to be moved back into the restored around a guide roller 2I8 pivoted on bracket 295.

The belt is drawn downward around a guide roller 2I1 and around a rewind drum 2| 8. The drum is formed with a clutch face 2I9 opposite a sliding clutch collar 229 splined to an operating gear 199, Fig. 5a, but movable toward the left to engage the clutch faces whenever a magnet RM is energized. Gear 199 meshes with another gear 19I which in turn cooperates with a gear 192 fastened to the operating shaft 395. The magnet RM cooperates with an armature lever 22I which is rocked to push collar 229 toward the left (Fig. 5) and connect drum 2I8 to the drive shaft, so that belt 2| 5 is drawn downward and slide I93 is drawn toward the left whenever a restoring operlections and call the automatic printing devices 4 into operation. For this purpose an indicator is provided and slide I93 is connected therewith by a tape. The left end of slide I93, Fig. 5, is attached to one end of a metal tape 293 which is drawn around a roller 294 extending from a bracket 295 secured to the left side frame 22. The tape is drawn around another roller 296 pivoted On a bracket 291 secured to the left frame. In order to change the direction of movement of a pointer on the tape 293, a third guiding roller 298 (Fig. 11) is provided at the right side of the machine. The tape is guided around this roller 299 and drawn over to the left where it is wound on a spring drum 299 pivoted on a bracket 2I9 secured to the left side frame. Attached to the tape 293, at a point normally near the spring drum .at the left. is a pointer 2II projecting forward out of a front cover plate 23I and cooperating with a horizontal scale 2 I2 fastened near the top of the This scale 2I2 is calibrated and marked with degrees of line length in inches or divisions of pica, elite or any other style of type widths asdesired. Cooperating with the divisions of the scale is a settable pointer 2 I3 which can be moved along a fixed rod 2 and fastened in a position to indicate the desired length of line. The setting of this fixed pointer 2I3 corresponds with the setting of the contact arm 29I (Fig. 5) for establishing contact when the selected length of linehas been used. 01' course, movable pointer 2" will move toward the right (Fig. 11) and is drawn by the metallic tape 299 in proportion to the common movements or the slide I I93, Fig. 5,

member I91 and comb I18 which, it will be re-.

ation is selected.

Slide I94 is restored by similar rewind device under control of a magnet RM. In Fig. 5a it is seen that the belt 2 I5 attached to the end of slide I94 is guided by rollers 2 I1 before being wrapped around the spring rewind drum 2I8'. A normally disengaged clutch collar 229 is connected with the gear 19I and operated by an armature lever HI and magnet RM to effect rotation of the drum whenever restoration of slide I94 is to take place.

The third part adjusted'by member I81, Fig. 5, is the space counting device holder I95 guided in a supporting and clutching frame 223. At its right end, holder I95 is formed with a channel guiding a vertical portion 224 of an L-shaped member 225 slidably mounted in the top of a block 228 having controls associated with word spacing operations as explained hereinafter.

Attention is now directed to the left side of holder I95 where it is seen to have an edge abutting against an extension 221 projecting to the right of member I81. This projection 221 serves to shove holder I95 and L member 225 toward the right to the same extent that member m is moved to the right under control of character key and the space key operation, but the primary purpose of extension 221 is to act as a stop for restoration of holder I95 after a final justification setting has been made.

Holder I 95 is formed with an extension 239 encircling the right end (Fig. 5) of slide I93. The extension is in the form of a rectangular tube or socket lined with friction material and has adjustable pressure screws for applying the necessocket is provided to enable holder I to move toward the right along with slide I83 and yet be relatively free for positive movement toward the left for restoration. A spring drum and connectin: tape, described hereinafter, urge holder I85 toward the left at all times and drive it positively in that direction to close control contacts after every space selecting operation. Although slide I88 remains in progressively advanced positions after the various selections of words of a line, it does not interfere with the restoration of holder I85 upon space selection because the socket connection 238 is an lmpositive one.

At the termination of character selections associated with a complete line, then slide I83 is moved to the right to abut against the settable contact arm I, Fig. 8, and it is desired that holder I88, Fig. 5, partake of such movement to adjust the L-shaped justiflcation member 224, 225. This movement is brought about through the socket connection 238 in the same manner as when movement is imparted during character selections.v However, when contact is established between the end of slide I83 and the contact arm 2!, a solenoid CSI2 is energized and it acts to lock the holder I85 in the adjusted position. The solenoid CSI 2 is provided with a movable core 228 connected to a toggle and locking plunger 228 which are constructed and operated in the same manner as the locking devices of solenoids CS1 and CS8 already described. 'I'he'extent of plunger movement of solenoid CSI2 may be made greater than that of solenoid CS1 to prevent holder I85 from binding when slide I83 is depressed. The solenoid CSI2 depresses holder I95 and locks it against the lower part of the fixed frame 223 fastened between the front and rear vertical frames of the justiflcation unit. The holder is held in position while a. reading is taken of the position of member 224 to determine the length of space to be allotted between words to justify an entire line.

Returning to consideration of member I81, Fig. 5', and the other parts associated therewith for setting a differential spacer to govern "the spacing of a justified line, it is seenthat beneath the upper portion I88 of member I81 is a stationary clutch plate 232 opposite a movable clutch plate 233 which is operated under the influence of a magnet CSI3. This magnet is held in a case 234-fastened to the frame of the machine and is arranged in a vertical position so that when it is energized, plate 233 is pushed downward to pinch portion I88 between plates 232 and 233 so that spacing member I81 is held in adjusted position. When held in position, portion I88 provides a carriage escapement abutment as explained hereinafter. The timing of magnet CSI3 is determined by theelectrical controls explained hereinafter with reference to the wiring diagram.

Shortly before the initiation of printing. member I81 is adjusted into a differential position by means of connections that are normally ineffective but brought into play by the energization of a spacing control magnet SC. This magnet is fastened in a horizontal position against a cross bar 235 fixed longitudinally in the machine. Cooperating with the opposite end of magnet SC is an armature segment 23G pivoted on shaft 231 and normally drawn in a clockwise direction by a restoring spring 238. The lower end of sector 238 is in mesh with a rack slide 238 formed with a slot 248 encircling a pair of pins 24I projecting from the side of member I81. In the normal position of the parts, the left end of slot 248 is in contact with the left stud24l on'member I81. In this way, member I81 is ready to partake of any movement of rack 238 towards the right while leaving the member I81 free to move towards the right independently of the spacing control rack and sector 235. However, when automatic spac-' ing control is desired, magnet SC is energized and it then attracts the armature extension 242 on sector 235, rocking the sector in a counterclockwise direction and pushing rack 238 and the connected member I81 towards the right until th right end of rack 238 abuts against the side of a differential space control cam 243. This cam was previously adjusted to vary the space between it and rack 238 according to the number of words in a line and the amount of unused space in a line so that when printing takes place, the spaces between words are extended to such a degree that the line is automatically justified. In other words, the spac between the left face of cam 243 and the right end of rack 238 is varied and enlarged to such a' degree by the adjustment of the cam during the initial selection cycle so that when the actual printing operation takes place and justified spacing operation is called for between words the spacing control will be called into operation by magnet SC and the amount of space will be determined by cam 243.

Also associated with member I81 is an indent- .ing control for starting certain lines of print, such as the first line of a paragraph, a further distance from the left sheet edge than the usual beginning point of lines of print. These indenting devices are associated with the lower portion I88 of member I81. Portion I88 is cut out with a horizontal slot 244 sliding on studs 245 projecting from a stationary part of the machine. Slidably secured to portion I88 by means of pin and slot connections 246 is a rack slide 241 formed with teeth in mesh with the teeth on a sector 248 pivoted on a stud 248. A spring 258 urges the sector in a counterclockwise direction against a stop 25I, and rack 241' is held in position towards the left wherein pin and slot connections 248 allow free movement of member I81 towards the right without interfering with the indenting controls. The amount of indented space desired is set up by means of a stop arm 252 fastened to a collar 253 which carries a set screw and is keyed to a rod 254 extending transversely across the machine. The distance that the first word of a paragraph is indented inside the margin of a sheet is determined by the space between the right end of rack 241 and the selected position of arm 252 as determined by the operator before he fastens the collar 253 to the stationary shaft 254. When the indenting control is desired, a control magnet IM is energized and attracts an armature block 255 formed as partof the sector 248. The sector is then rocked in a clockwise direction and carries along therewith rack 241 and member I 81 which move towafds the right until rack 241 strikes against arm 252. The resulting position of member I81 and portion I88 provides an abutment for limiting the movement of the carriage to the desired indented position.

Throughout the foregoing section of the description, reference is made to the movement of the various parts I18, I83, I84, I81 and I85 toward the right (Fig. 5) whenever the keys are manually operated. It is to be noted that the keys causing such operation are the character selecting keys and the space key, while theother control keys such as shift lock key, shift release key, carriage return key and automatic print key 

